About the project

This project involved conducting a simulated risk assessment based on a real cyberattack incident targeting the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). The goal was to identify and document key threats, assess the level of risk (based on likelihood and impact), and propose realistic mitigation strategies to strengthen NOAA’s information security program. The report was based on findings from official audit reports and included actionable recommendations.

What I learned

  • How to analyze cyber threats using likelihood, impact, and overall risk scoring

  • How unauthorized system access can serve as the entry point for multiple threat chains

  • The role of weak authentication practices and poor web application security in major breaches

  • The importance of early detection and proper access controls to prevent privilege escalation

  • How espionage, malware persistence, and data theft are often interconnected in advanced persistent threat (APT) scenarios

  • How to interpret real audit findings and translate them into security recommendations

  • The value of tools like ManageEngine Vulnerability Manager Plus for vulnerability scanning and prioritization

View the report:

Challenges faced

One challenge was interpreting a dense and technical government audit report and turning it into a clear, structured risk assessment. I had to connect different threat events and understand how they chained together (e.g., unauthorized access leading to espionage and data theft). Another challenge was evaluating risk levels without access to live NOAA systems. I relied on reported likelihood and impact to rank the risks logically and make realistic mitigation suggestions.

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Senior Capstone Project